NEW APPROACHES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN PRETERM INFANTS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Autores/as

  • Aline Maria Noli Mascarin
  • Juliana Pascon dos Santos
  • Fabiana Garcia Ramos Guilen
  • Gisele Rozante Polanzan
  • Beatriz Fachini Galvão
  • Lara Fachini Galvão
  • Daniele Carvalho Garbelini
  • Marcela Amaro de Santana
  • Ricardo de Argollo Haber
  • Luiza Santos de Argollo Haber
  • Janayna Fernandes da Rosa
  • Maria Júlia Guimarães Pelegrina Grancieri
  • Juliana Rejane da Silva Roque
  • Rodolfo de Oliveira Medeiros

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36557/2009-3578.2026v12n2p302-313

Palabras clave:

Prematurity; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Pulmonary Surfactant; Noninvasive Ventilation; Neonatal Intensive Care.

Resumen

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) remains one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality among preterm newborns, particularly due to pulmonary immaturity and surfactant deficiency. Over recent decades, novel therapeutic strategies have contributed to reducing the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, minimizing lung injury, and improving neonatal outcomes. The present study aimed to analyze new approaches related to the management of RDS in preterm infants, with emphasis on noninvasive respiratory support, surfactant therapy, minimally invasive administration techniques, and protective ventilation strategies. This study consists of a Narrative Literature Review conducted through searches in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and ScienceDirect, covering publications from 2016 to 2026. The research question was developed according to the PICo strategy, considering preterm newborns with RDS, contemporary therapeutic approaches, and the context of neonatal intensive care. The findings demonstrate that early nasal CPAP, LISA/MIST techniques, and volume-targeted ventilation have assumed a central role in reducing intubation rates, exposure to invasive ventilation, and respiratory complications. Furthermore, controlled oxygenation strategies, continuous monitoring, and emerging therapies such as aerosolized surfactant indicate promising perspectives. Nevertheless, challenges related to protocol standardization, multiprofessional training, technological availability, and equitable access still persist. It is concluded that the contemporary management of RDS in preterm infants is moving toward increasingly individualized, protective, and less invasive approaches.

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Citas

BHANDARI, V.; FERNANDEZ, E. F.; WALSH, M. C. et al. RDS-NExT workshop: consensus statements for the use of surfactant in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Journal of Perinatology, v. 43, p. 1197-1204, 2023. DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01690-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-023-01690-9. Accessed on: May. 7, 2026.

BRASHER, M.; RAFFAY, T. M.; CUNNINGHAM, M. D.; ABU JAWDEH, E. G. Aerosolized surfactant for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Children, v. 8, n. 6, p. 493, 2021. DOI: 10.3390/children8060493. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/children8060493. Accessed on: May. 4, 2026.

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CRESI, F.; MAGGIOLINI, S.; BARALDI, E. et al. Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure vs heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula on feeding intolerance in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: the ENTARES randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, v. 6, n. 7, e2326432, 2023. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.26432. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37494025/. Accessed on: May. 15, 2026.

DARGAVILLE, P. A.; KAMLIN, C. O. F.; DE PAOLI, A. G. et al. Effect of minimally invasive surfactant therapy vs sham treatment on death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: the OPTIMIST-A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, v. 326, n. 24, p. 2478-2487, 2021. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.21892. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.21892. Accessed on: May. 2, 2026.

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RÜEGGER, C. M.; OWEN, L. S.; DAVIS, P. G. Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Clinics in Perinatology, v. 48, n. 4, p. 725-741, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2021.08.005. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095510821000737. Accessed on: May. 8, 2026.

SWEET, D. G.; CARNIELLI, V.; GREISEN, G. et al. European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome: 2022 Update. Neonatology, v. 120, n. 1, p. 3-23, 2023. DOI: 10.1159/000528914. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1159/000528914. Accessed on: May. 11, 2026.

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ZHANG, H.; LI, J.; ZENG, L. et al. A multicenter, randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial, comparing nasal continuous positive airway pressure with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation as primary support before minimally invasive surfactant administration for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (the NIV-MISA-RDS trial): study protocol. Frontiers in Pediatrics, v. 10, 968462, 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.968462. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35967063/. Accessed on: May. 9, 2026.

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Publicado

2026-09-11

Cómo citar

Mascarin, A. M. N., Santos, J. P. dos, Guilen, F. G. R., Polanzan, G. R., Galvão, B. F., Galvão, L. F., … Medeiros, R. de O. (2026). NEW APPROACHES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN PRETERM INFANTS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW. INTERFERENCE: A JOURNAL OF AUDIO CULTURE, 12(2), 302–313. https://doi.org/10.36557/2009-3578.2026v12n2p302-313

Número

Vol. 12 Núm. 2 (2026): Interference (ISSN 2009-3578)

Sección

Revisão de Literatura

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2026 Aline Maria Noli Mascarin, Juliana Pascon dos Santos, Fabiana Garcia Ramos Guilen, Gisele Rozante Polanzan, Beatriz Fachini Galvão, Lara Fachini Galvão, Daniele Carvalho Garbelini, Marcela Amaro de Santana, Ricardo de Argollo Haber, Luiza Santos de Argollo Haber, Janayna Fernandes da Rosa, Maria Júlia Guimarães Pelegrina Grancieri, Juliana Rejane da Silva Roque, Rodolfo de Oliveira Medeiros

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