MANEJO CLÍNICO DO TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA: CONDUTA MÉDICA DIANTE DE ALERTAS ESCOLARES

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) involves neurodevelopmental alterations whose clinical manifestations consolidate in early childhood. Early detection coordinated by Primary Health Care (PHC) in alignment with the educational environment proves to be decisive in triggering timely therapeutic stimulation during the window of highest brain neuroplasticity, mitigating the child's sociocognitive, communicative, and adaptive impairments. Objective: To analyze the available scientific evidence on screening strategies, clinical validation, and intersectoral network articulation within Primary Health Care and Early Childhood Education for the management of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review structured around the PICo strategy and operationalized in six systematic steps. Searches were conducted in the BVS, SciELO, PubMed, and Scopus databases, resulting in the selection of 12 national and international empirical articles published between 2011 and 2026. Data analysis occurred through the thematic synthesis of findings into three analytical discussion axes. Results: Data convergence demonstrates that early childhood education schools act as naturalistic sociobehavioral radars, enabling educational screening through IRTEA.Educ and the School Health Program (PSE). In PHC, child health surveillance visits and the Child Health Handbook, combined with validated protocols (M-CHAT-R/F, ASQ-3, POSI, PAHPEA, and PEP-R), high predictive value for clinical risk validation. This validation within the Family Health Strategy drives the intersectoral network, integrating matrix support from CAPSi, social assistance backing (CRAS/CREAS), and the establishment of the Singular Therapeutic Plan (PTS), which grounds the provision of Specialized Educational Services (AEE) and Individualized Education Plans (PEI) in schools without the undue requirement of a formal medical report. Conclusion: It is concluded that achieving comprehensive care requires overcoming late diagnosis and tackling the "medical report culture," strengthening Primary Care as an active hub for clinical validation and territorial governance within the Unified Health System (SUS).