ENFERMAGEM EM ALEITAMENTO MATERNO

práticas educativas na UTIN - percepção materna

Abstract

Breastfeeding is essential for maternal and child health; however, many mothers encounter difficulties in initiating and maintaining lactation, especially in highly vulnerable contexts such as the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The hospitalization of the newborn heightens maternal fear, insecurity, and stress, which complicates breastfeeding management and underscores the need for qualified educational support. Understanding mothers’ perceptions, experiences, doubts, and vulnerabilities is therefore fundamental to improving care and guiding effective health interventions. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge, experiences, and needs of mothers with newborns admitted to the NICU regarding breastfeeding, identifying the difficulties they face and assessing how they perceive the support provided for breastfeeding. A descriptive and exploratory mixed-methods study was conducted with 36 mothers of hospitalized newborns in the NICU of a regional hospital. Data collection took place between January and April 2025 using a semi-structured questionnaire composed of closed and open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative responses were examined through Bardin’s Content Analysis to identify thematic categories. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results showed that although mothers recognize the benefits of breastfeeding, 64.29% reported feeling unprepared to breastfeed and 57.14% experienced difficulties during the process. The lack of prenatal guidance 64.29% and insufficient postpartum support 85.71% reveal important gaps in the assistance provided by health services. Mothers expressed interest in learning practical techniques—such as correct latch and positioning—and reported the need for greater empathy, patience, and clear explanations from professionals. In conclusion, mothers experience significant insecurity related to breastfeeding management, intensified by the NICU environment and the absence of structured support. Strengthening educational practices and professional guidance is essential to promote maternal confidence, autonomy, and continuity of breastfeeding.