Hearing loss and social participation in older adults: an integrative literature review.

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Population aging has increased the prevalence of hearing loss, the main sensory impairment among older adults. Presbycusis compromises communication and can lead to social isolation and reduced participation in community activities. This limitation negatively impacts psychological well-being, promoting depression and cognitive decline. Social participation, in turn, is essential for active and healthy aging. Understanding this relationship is fundamental to developing strategies that promote autonomy and quality of life in old age. This is an Integrative Literature Review based on Evidence-Based Practice. The guiding question was constructed using the PICo strategy, relating hearing loss and social participation in the elderly. The search was conducted in the SciELO, LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Oasis Brazil databases, using DeCS/MeSH descriptors. Quantitative studies from 2015 to 2025 were included and evaluated according to PRISMA guidelines. Age-related hearing loss is a prevalent and multifactorial problem associated with the aging of the auditory system, genetic and environmental factors, and chronic diseases. This condition compromises communication, reduces social participation, and negatively impacts the autonomy, psychological well-being, and quality of life of older adults. In addition, it is related to cognitive decline, isolation, and depressive symptoms. The use of hearing aids improves functionality, social interaction, and self-esteem, especially when there is family support and speech therapy follow-up. The family plays a central role in acceptance and adherence to treatment, favoring auditory and emotional rehabilitation. Thus, there is a need for public policies that expand access to screening, early diagnosis, and auditory rehabilitation, with an interdisciplinary and inclusive approach, to promote active and healthy aging.